Hydrocracking and its catalyst

The main feedstock of hydrocracking are atmospheric and vacuum heavy distillate oil, catalytic cracking cycle oil and coking heavy distillate oil. Its products are high-quality light oil products, such as gasoline, kerosene (including aviation kerosene), diesel, and isopentane and isohexane.

Hydrocracking is the cracking and hydrogenation reaction of hydrocarbon molecules and hydrogen on the catalyst surface under higher pressure. At the same time of the conversion process of generating smaller molecules, hydrodesulfurization, denitrification and hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons also occur.

Usually more than 10% of the raw oil molecules crack smaller. Therefore, the hydrocracking catalyst not only needs to have the function of hydrorefining catalyst, but also should have full cracking function. It is a typical bifunctional catalyst, mainly composed of basic parts such as carrier, acid component and metal component, whose metal component has hydrodehydrogenation activity. Commonly used W, Ni, Mo, Co and other non-precious metals or palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt) and other precious metals, its acidic components often as a part of the support has cracking and isomerization activity, respectively using aluminum silicate, molecular sieve or aluminum silicate plus a small amount of molecular sieve and layered aluminum silicate or magnesium silicate. Different catalyst components were selected according to different target products. Some have auxiliaries and other ingredients.