What is the production principle of synthetic ammonia?

Ammonia is an important chemical raw material, especially the raw material for the production of fertilizers, which is synthesized from hydrogen and nitrogen. The synthetic ammonia industry is the foundation of the nitrogen fertilizer industry. In order to produce ammonia, various fuels are generally used as feedstocks. First, making gas containing components such as H2 and CO. Then,  in order to obtain a clean 1:3 nitrogen-hydrogen mixture met the requirements of ammonia synthesis,removing harmful impurities such as dust, H2S, organic sulfides, CO, and CO2 in the gas by various purification methods. Finally, the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture is compressed to above 15Mpa, and ammonia is synthesized with ammonia synthesis catalyst.

At present, the process of production of synthetic ammonia in China is similar, ignoring the differences in equipment and process, we can roughly divide the production process of ammonia into the following steps: gas generation; desulfurization; transformation; desulfurization after transformation; copper washing  and ammonia synthesis. The following is a minimalist schematic diagram of this type of process: